crun - a fast and lightweight OCI runtime
crun [global options] command [command options] [arguments...]
crun is a command line program for running Linux containers that follow the Open Container Initiative (OCI) format.
create Create a container. The runtime detaches from the container process once the container environment is created. It is necessary to successively use start for starting the container.
delete Remove definition for a container.
exec Exec a command in a running container.
list List known containers.
kill Send the specified signal to the container init process. If no signal is specified, SIGTERM is used.
ps Show the processes running in a container.
run Create and immediately start a container.
spec Generate a configuration file.
start Start a container that was previously created. A container cannot be started multiple times.
state Output the state of a container.
pause Pause all the processes in the container.
resume Resume the processes in the container.
update Update container resource constraints.
By default, when running as root user, crun saves its state under the /run/crun directory. As unprivileged user, instead the XDG_RUNTIME_DIR environment variable is honored, and the directory $XDG_RUNTIME_DIR/crun is used. The global option --root overrides this setting.
--debug Produce verbose output.
--log=LOG-DESTINATION Define the destination for the error and warning messages generated by crun. If the error happens late in the container init process, when crun already stopped watching it, then it will be printed to the container stderr.
It is specified in the form BACKEND:SPECIFIER.
These following backends are supported:
If no backend is specified, then file: is used by default.
--log-format=FORMAT Define the format of the log messages. It can either be text, or json. The default is text.
--no-pivot Use chroot(2) instead of pivot_root(2) when creating the container. This option is not safe, and should be avoided.
--root=DIR Defines where to store the state for crun containers.
--systemd-cgroup Use systemd for configuring cgroups. If not specified, the cgroup is created directly using the cgroupfs backend.
--cgroup-manager=MANAGER Specify what cgroup manager must be used. Permitted values are cgroupfs, systemd and disabled.
-?, --help Print a help list.
--usage Print a short usage message.
-V, --version Print program version
crun [global options] create [options] CONTAINER
--bundle=BUNDLE Path to the OCI bundle, by default it is the current directory.
--config=FILE Override the configuration file to use. The default value is config.json.
--console-socket=SOCKET Path to a UNIX socket that will receive the ptmx end of the tty for the container.
--no-new-keyring Keep the same session key
--preserve-fds=N Additional number of FDs to pass into the container.
--pid-file=PATH Path to the file that will contain the container process PID.
crun [global options] run [options] CONTAINER
--bundle=BUNDLE Path to the OCI bundle, by default it is the current directory.
--config=FILE Override the configuration file to use. The default value is config.json.
--console-socket=SOCKET Path to a UNIX socket that will receive the ptmx end of the tty for the container.
--no-new-keyring Keep the same session key.
--preserve-fds=N Additional number of FDs to pass into the container.
--pid-file=PATH Path to the file that will contain the container process PID.
--detach Detach the container process from the current session.
crun [global options] delete [options] CONTAINER
--force Delete the container even if it is still running.
--regex=REGEX Delete all the containers that satisfy the specified regex.
crun [global options] exec [options] CONTAINER CMD
--console-socket=SOCKET Path to a UNIX socket that will receive the ptmx end of the tty for the container.
--cwd=PATH Set the working directory for the process to PATH.
--cap=CAP Specify an additional capability to add to the process.
--detach Detach the container process from the current session.
--env=ENV Specify an environment variable.
--preserve-fds=N Additional number of FDs to pass into the container.
--process=FILE Path to a file containing the process JSON configuration.
--pid-file=PATH Path to the file that will contain the new process PID.
-t --tty Allocate a pseudo TTY.
-u USERSPEC --user=USERSPEC Specify the user in the form UID[:GID].
crun [global options] list [options]
-q --quiet Show only the container ID.
crun [global options] kill [options] CONTAINER SIGNAL
--all Kill all the processes in the container.
--regex=REGEX Kill all the containers that satisfy the specified regex.
crun [global options] ps [options]
--format=FORMAT Specify the output format. It must be either table or json. By default table is used.
crun [global options] spec [options]
--rootless Generate a config.json file that is usable by an unprivileged user.
crun [global options] update [options] CONTAINER
--blkio-weight=VALUE Specifies per cgroup weight.
--cpu-period=VALUE CPU CFS period to be used for hardcapping.
--cpu-quota=VALUE** CPU CFS hardcap limit.
--cpu-rt-period=VALUE CPU realtime period to be used for hardcapping.
--cpu-rt-runtime=VALUE CPU realtime hardcap limit.
--cpu-share=VALUE CPU shares.
--cpuset-cpus=VALUE CPU(s) to use.
--cpuset-mems=VALUE Memory node(s) to use.
--kernel-memory=VALUE Kernel memory limit.
--kernel-memory-tcp=VALUE Kernel memory limit for TCP buffer.
--memory=VALUE Memory limit.
--memory-reservation=VALUE Memory reservation or soft_limit.
--memory-swap=VALUE Total memory usage.
--pids-limit=VALUE Maximum number of pids allowed in the container.
-r, --resources=FILE Path to the file containing the resources to update.
If the annotation run.oci.seccomp.receiver=PATH is specified, the seccomp listener is sent to the UNIX socket listening on the specified path. It can also set with the RUN_OCI_SECCOMP_RECEIVER environment variable. It is an experimental feature, and the annotation will be removed once it is supported in the OCI runtime specs. It must be an absolute path.
If the annotation run.oci.seccomp.plugins=PLUGIN1[:PLUGIN2]... is specified, the seccomp listener fd is handled through the specified plugins. The plugin must either be an absolute path or a filename.
If the annotation run.oci.seccomp_fail_unknown_syscall is present, then crun will fail when an unknown syscall is encountered in the seccomp configuration.
If the annotation run.oci.keep_original_groups is present, then crun will skip the setgroups syscall that is used to either set the additional groups specified in the OCI configuration, or to reset the list of additional groups if none is specified.
If the annotation run.oci.systemd.force_cgroup_v1=/PATH is present, then crun will override the specified mount point /PATH with a cgroup v1 mount made of a single hierarchy none,name=systemd. It is useful to run on a cgroup v2 system containers using older versions of systemd that lack support for cgroup v2.
Specify the offset to be written to /proc/self/timens_offsets when creating a time namespace.
Override the name for the systemd sub cgroup created under the systemd scope, so the final cgroup will be like:
/sys/fs/cgroup/$PATH/$SUBGROUP
When it is set to the empty string, a sub cgroup is not created.
If not specified, it defaults to container on cgroup v2, and to "" on cgroup v1.
e.g.
/sys/fs/cgroup//system.slice/foo-352700.scope/container
If the annotation run.oci.hooks.stdout is present, then crun will open the specified file and use it as the stdout for the hook processes. The file is opened in append mode and it is created if it doesn't already exist.
If the annotation run.oci.hooks.stderr is present, then crun will open the specified file and use it as the stderr for the hook processes. The file is opened in append mode and it is created if it doesn't already exist.
If the tmpcopyup option is specified for a tmpfs, then the path that is shadowed by the tmpfs mount is recursively copied up to the tmpfs itself.
When running as user different than root, an user namespace is automatically created even if it is not specified in the config file. The current user is mapped to the ID 0 in the container, and any additional id specified in the files /etc/subuid and /etc/subgid is automatically added starting with ID 1.
crun has some basic support for cgroup v2. Since the OCI spec is designed for cgroup v1, in some cases there is need to convert from the cgroup v1 configuration to cgroup v2.
These are the OCI resources currently supported with cgroup v2 and how they are converted when needed from the cgroup v1 configuration.
| OCI (x) | cgroup 2 value (y) | conversion | comment |
| limit | memory.max | y = x | swap |
| allbox; | |||
| l l l l | |||
| l l l l . | |||
| OCI (x) | cgroup 2 value (y) | conversion | comment |
| limit | pids.max | y = x | .TE |
| allbox; | |||
| l l l l | |||
| l l l l . | |||
| OCI (x) | cgroup 2 value (y) | conversion | comment |
| shares | cpu.weight | y = (1 + ((x - 2) * 9999) / 262142) | |
| convert from [2-262144] to [1-10000] | |||
| period | cpu.max | y = x |
period and quota are written together
|
| quota | cpu.max | y = x |
period and quota are written together
|
| OCI (x) | cgroup 2 value (y) | conversion | comment |
| weight | io.bfq.weight | y = (1 + (x - 10) * 9999 / 990) | |
| convert linearly from [10-1000] to [1-10000] | |||
| weight_device | io.bfq.weight | y = (1 + (x - 10) * 9999 / 990) | |
| convert linearly from [10-1000] to [1-10000] | |||
| rbps | io.max | y=x | wbps |
| allbox; | |||
| l l l l | |||
| l l l l . | |||
| OCI (x) | cgroup 2 value (y) | conversion | comment |
| cpus | cpuset.cpus | y = x | mems |
| allbox; | |||
| l l l l | |||
| l l l l . | |||
| OCI (x) | cgroup 2 value (y) | conversion | comment |
| .limit_in_bytes | hugetlb..max | y = x | .TE |