NDISASM

Section: The Netwide Assembler Project (1)
Updated: 07/17/2020
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NAME

ndisasm - the Netwide Disassembler, an 80x86 binary file disassembler

SYNOPSIS

ndisasm [ -o origin ] [ -s sync-point [...]] [ -a | -i ] [ -b bits ] [ -u ] [ -e hdrlen ] [ -p vendor ] [ -k offset,length [...]] infile

DESCRIPTION

The ndisasm command generates a disassembly listing of the binary file infile and directs it to stdout.

OPTIONS

-h

: Causes ndisasm to exit immediately, after giving a summary of its invocation options.

-r|-v

: Causes ndisasm to exit immediately, after displaying its version number.

-o origin

: Specifies the notional load address for the file. This option causes ndisasm to get the addresses it lists down the left hand margin, and the target addresses of PC-relative jumps and calls, right.

-s sync-point

: Manually specifies a synchronisation address, such that ndisasm will not output any machine instruction which encompasses bytes on both sides of the address. Hence the instruction which starts at that address will be correctly disassembled.

-e hdrlen

: Specifies a number of bytes to discard from the beginning of the file before starting disassembly. This does not count towards the calculation of the disassembly offset: the first disassembled instruction will be shown starting at the given load address.

-k offset,length

: Specifies that length bytes, starting from disassembly offset offset, should be skipped over without generating any output. The skipped bytes still count towards the calculation of the disassembly offset.

-a|-i

: Enables automatic (or intelligent) sync mode, in which ndisasm will attempt to guess where synchronisation should be performed, by means of examining the target addresses of the relative jumps and calls it disassembles.

-b bits

: Specifies 16-, 32- or 64-bit mode. The default is 16-bit mode.

-u

: Specifies 32-bit mode, more compactly than using '-b 32'.

-p vendor

: Prefers instructions as defined by vendor in case of a conflict. Known vendor names include intel, amd, cyrix, and idt. The default is intel.

RESTRICTIONS

ndisasm only disassembles binary files: it has no understanding of the header information present in object or executable files. If you want to disassemble an object file, you should probably be using objdump(1).

Auto-sync mode won't necessarily cure all your synchronisation problems: a sync marker can only be placed automatically if a jump or call instruction is found to refer to it before ndisasm actually disassembles that part of the code. Also, if spurious jumps or calls result from disassembling non-machine-code data, sync markers may get placed in strange places. Feel free to turn auto-sync off and go back to doing it manually if necessary.