CURLcode curl_easy_setopt(CURL *handle, CURLOPT_MAXFILESIZE, long size);
The file size is not always known prior to download, and for such files this option has no effect even if the file transfer ends up being larger than this given limit. This concerns both FTP and HTTP transfers.
If you want a limit above 2GB, use CURLOPT_MAXFILESIZE_LARGE(3).
CURL *curl = curl_easy_init();
if(curl) {
CURLcode ret;
curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_URL, "https://example.com/");
/* refuse to download if larger than 1000 bytes! */
curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_MAXFILESIZE, 1000L);
ret = curl_easy_perform(curl);
}