use Mojo::IOLoop;
# Listen on port 3000
Mojo::IOLoop->server({port => 3000} => sub {
my ($loop, $stream) = @_;
$stream->on(read => sub {
my ($stream, $bytes) = @_;
# Process input chunk
say $bytes;
# Write response
$stream->write('HTTP/1.1 200 OK');
});
});
# Connect to port 3000
my $id = Mojo::IOLoop->client({port => 3000} => sub {
my ($loop, $err, $stream) = @_;
$stream->on(read => sub {
my ($stream, $bytes) = @_;
# Process input
say "Input: $bytes";
});
# Write request
$stream->write("GET / HTTP/1.1\x0d\x0a\x0d\x0a");
});
# Add a timer
Mojo::IOLoop->timer(5 => sub {
my $loop = shift;
$loop->remove($id);
});
# Start event loop if necessary
Mojo::IOLoop->start unless Mojo::IOLoop->is_running;
Depending on operating system, the default per-process and system-wide file descriptor limits are often very low and need to be tuned for better scalability. The "LIBEV_FLAGS" environment variable should also be used to select the best possible EV backend, which usually defaults to the not very scalable "select".
LIBEV_FLAGS=1 # select LIBEV_FLAGS=2 # poll LIBEV_FLAGS=4 # epoll (Linux) LIBEV_FLAGS=8 # kqueue (*BSD, OS X)
The event loop will be resilient to time jumps if a monotonic clock is available through Time::HiRes. A TLS certificate and key are also built right in, to make writing test servers as easy as possible. Also note that for convenience the "PIPE" signal will be set to "IGNORE" when Mojo::IOLoop is loaded.
For better scalability (epoll, kqueue) and to provide non-blocking name resolution, SOCKS5 as well as TLS support, the optional modules EV (4.0+), Net::DNS::Native (0.15+), IO::Socket::Socks (0.64+) and IO::Socket::SSL (2.009+) will be used automatically if possible. Individual features can also be disabled with the "MOJO_NO_NNR", "MOJO_NO_SOCKS" and "MOJO_NO_TLS" environment variables.
See ``REAL-TIME WEB'' in Mojolicious::Guides::Cookbook for more.
$loop->on(finish => sub {
my $loop = shift;
...
});
Emitted when the event loop wants to shut down gracefully and is just waiting for all existing connections to be closed.
$loop->on(reset => sub {
my $loop = shift;
...
});
Emitted when the event loop is reset, this usually happens after the process is forked to clean up resources that cannot be shared.
my $max = $loop->max_accepts; $loop = $loop->max_accepts(1000);
The maximum number of connections this event loop is allowed to accept, before shutting down gracefully without interrupting existing connections, defaults to 0. Setting the value to 0 will allow this event loop to accept new connections indefinitely. Note that up to half of this value can be subtracted randomly to improve load balancing between multiple server processes, and to make sure that not all of them restart at the same time.
my $max = $loop->max_connections; $loop = $loop->max_connections(100);
The maximum number of accepted connections this event loop is allowed to handle concurrently, before stopping to accept new incoming connections, defaults to 1000.
my $reactor = $loop->reactor; $loop = $loop->reactor(Mojo::Reactor->new);
Low-level event reactor, usually a Mojo::Reactor::Poll or Mojo::Reactor::EV object with a default subscriber to the event ``error'' in Mojo::Reactor.
# Watch if handle becomes readable or writable
Mojo::IOLoop->singleton->reactor->io($handle => sub {
my ($reactor, $writable) = @_;
say $writable ? 'Handle is writable' : 'Handle is readable';
});
# Change to watching only if handle becomes writable
Mojo::IOLoop->singleton->reactor->watch($handle, 0, 1);
# Remove handle again
Mojo::IOLoop->singleton->reactor->remove($handle);
my $server = Mojo::IOLoop->acceptor($id); my $server = $loop->acceptor($id); my $id = $loop->acceptor(Mojo::IOLoop::Server->new);
Get Mojo::IOLoop::Server object for id or turn object into an acceptor.
my $id
= Mojo::IOLoop->client(address => '127.0.0.1', port => 3000, sub {...});
my $id = $loop->client(address => '127.0.0.1', port => 3000, sub {...});
my $id = $loop->client({address => '127.0.0.1', port => 3000} => sub {...});
Open a TCP/IP or UNIX domain socket connection with Mojo::IOLoop::Client and create a stream object (usually Mojo::IOLoop::Stream), takes the same arguments as ``connect'' in Mojo::IOLoop::Client.
my $delay = Mojo::IOLoop->delay;
my $delay = $loop->delay;
my $delay = $loop->delay(sub {...});
my $delay = $loop->delay(sub {...}, sub {...});
Build Mojo::IOLoop::Delay object to use as a promise and/or for flow-control. Callbacks will be passed along to ``steps'' in Mojo::IOLoop::Delay.
# Wrap continuation-passing style APIs with promises
my $ua = Mojo::UserAgent->new;
sub get {
my $promise = Mojo::IOLoop->delay;
$ua->get(@_ => sub {
my ($ua, $tx) = @_;
my $err = $tx->error;
if (!$err || $err->{code}) { $promise->resolve($tx) }
else { $promise->reject($err->{message}) }
});
return $promise;
}
my $mojo = get('https://mojolicious.org');
my $cpan = get('https://metacpan.org');
Mojo::Promise->race($mojo, $cpan)->then(sub { say shift->req->url })->wait;
# Synchronize multiple non-blocking operations
my $delay = Mojo::IOLoop->delay(sub { say 'BOOM!' });
for my $i (1 .. 10) {
my $end = $delay->begin;
Mojo::IOLoop->timer($i => sub {
say 10 - $i;
$end->();
});
}
$delay->wait;
# Sequentialize multiple non-blocking operations
Mojo::IOLoop->delay(
# First step (simple timer)
sub {
my $delay = shift;
Mojo::IOLoop->timer(2 => $delay->begin);
say 'Second step in 2 seconds.';
},
# Second step (concurrent timers)
sub {
my $delay = shift;
Mojo::IOLoop->timer(1 => $delay->begin);
Mojo::IOLoop->timer(3 => $delay->begin);
say 'Third step in 3 seconds.';
},
# Third step (the end)
sub { say 'And done after 5 seconds total.' }
)->wait;
my $bool = Mojo::IOLoop->is_running; my $bool = $loop->is_running;
Check if event loop is running.
my $undef = Mojo::IOLoop->next_tick(sub {...});
my $undef = $loop->next_tick(sub {...});
Execute callback as soon as possible, but not before returning or other callbacks that have been registered with this method, always returns "undef".
# Perform operation on next reactor tick
Mojo::IOLoop->next_tick(sub {
my $loop = shift;
...
});
Mojo::IOLoop->one_tick; $loop->one_tick;
Run event loop until an event occurs.
# Don't block longer than 0.5 seconds
my $id = Mojo::IOLoop->timer(0.5 => sub {});
Mojo::IOLoop->one_tick;
Mojo::IOLoop->remove($id);
my $id = Mojo::IOLoop->recurring(3 => sub {...});
my $id = $loop->recurring(0 => sub {...});
my $id = $loop->recurring(0.25 => sub {...});
Create a new recurring timer, invoking the callback repeatedly after a given amount of time in seconds.
# Perform operation every 5 seconds
Mojo::IOLoop->recurring(5 => sub {
my $loop = shift;
...
});
Mojo::IOLoop->remove($id); $loop->remove($id);
Remove anything with an id, connections will be dropped gracefully by allowing them to finish writing all data in their write buffers.
Mojo::IOLoop->reset; $loop->reset;
Remove everything and stop the event loop.
my $id = Mojo::IOLoop->server(port => 3000, sub {...});
my $id = $loop->server(port => 3000, sub {...});
my $id = $loop->server({port => 3000} => sub {...});
Accept TCP/IP and UNIX domain socket connections with Mojo::IOLoop::Server and create stream objects (usually Mojo::IOLoop::Stream, takes the same arguments as ``listen'' in Mojo::IOLoop::Server.
# Listen on random port
my $id = Mojo::IOLoop->server({address => '127.0.0.1'} => sub {
my ($loop, $stream, $id) = @_;
...
});
my $port = Mojo::IOLoop->acceptor($id)->port;
my $loop = Mojo::IOLoop->singleton;
The global Mojo::IOLoop singleton, used to access a single shared event loop object from everywhere inside the process.
# Many methods also allow you to take shortcuts
Mojo::IOLoop->timer(2 => sub { Mojo::IOLoop->stop });
Mojo::IOLoop->start;
# Restart active timer
my $id = Mojo::IOLoop->timer(3 => sub { say 'Timeout!' });
Mojo::IOLoop->singleton->reactor->again($id);
# Turn file descriptor into handle and watch if it becomes readable
my $handle = IO::Handle->new_from_fd($fd, 'r');
Mojo::IOLoop->singleton->reactor->io($handle => sub {
my ($reactor, $writable) = @_;
say $writable ? 'Handle is writable' : 'Handle is readable';
})->watch($handle, 1, 0);
Mojo::IOLoop->start; $loop->start;
Start the event loop, this will block until ``stop'' is called. Note that some reactors stop automatically if there are no events being watched anymore.
# Start event loop only if it is not running already Mojo::IOLoop->start unless Mojo::IOLoop->is_running;
Mojo::IOLoop->stop; $loop->stop;
Stop the event loop, this will not interrupt any existing connections and the event loop can be restarted by running ``start'' again.
Mojo::IOLoop->stop_gracefully; $loop->stop_gracefully;
Stop accepting new connections and wait for already accepted connections to be closed, before stopping the event loop.
my $stream = Mojo::IOLoop->stream($id); my $stream = $loop->stream($id); my $id = $loop->stream(Mojo::IOLoop::Stream->new);
Get Mojo::IOLoop::Stream object for id or turn object into a connection.
# Increase inactivity timeout for connection to 300 seconds Mojo::IOLoop->stream($id)->timeout(300);
my $subprocess = Mojo::IOLoop->subprocess(sub {...}, sub {...});
my $subprocess = $loop->subprocess;
my $subprocess = $loop->subprocess(sub {...}, sub {...});
Build Mojo::IOLoop::Subprocess object to perform computationally expensive operations in subprocesses, without blocking the event loop. Callbacks will be passed along to ``run'' in Mojo::IOLoop::Subprocess.
# Operation that would block the event loop for 5 seconds
Mojo::IOLoop->subprocess(
sub {
my $subprocess = shift;
sleep 5;
return '♥', 'Mojolicious';
},
sub {
my ($subprocess, $err, @results) = @_;
say "Subprocess error: $err" and return if $err;
say "I $results[0] $results[1]!";
}
);
my $id = Mojo::IOLoop->timer(3 => sub {...});
my $id = $loop->timer(0 => sub {...});
my $id = $loop->timer(0.25 => sub {...});
Create a new timer, invoking the callback after a given amount of time in seconds.
# Perform operation in 5 seconds
Mojo::IOLoop->timer(5 => sub {
my $loop = shift;
...
});
MOJO_IOLOOP_DEBUG=1