DIR_COLORS

Section: Linux User Manual (5)
Updated: 2020-08-13
Page Index

NAME

dir_colors - configuration file for dircolors(1)

DESCRIPTION

The program ls(1) uses the environment variable LS_COLORS to determine the colors in which the filenames are to be displayed. This environment variable is usually set by a command like

: eval `dircolors some_path/dir_colors`

found in a system default shell initialization file, like /etc/profile or /etc/csh.cshrc. (See also dircolors(1).) Usually, the file used here is /etc/DIR_COLORS and can be overridden by a .dir_colors file in one's home directory.

This configuration file consists of several statements, one per line. Anything right of a hash mark (#) is treated as a comment, if the hash mark is at the beginning of a line or is preceded by at least one whitespace. Blank lines are ignored.

The global section of the file consists of any statement before the first TERM statement. Any statement in the global section of the file is considered valid for all terminal types. Following the global section is one or more terminal-specific sections, preceded by one or more TERM statements which specify the terminal types (as given by the TERM environment variable) the following declarations apply to. It is always possible to override a global declaration by a subsequent terminal-specific one.

The following statements are recognized; case is insignificant:

TERM terminal-type: Starts a terminal-specific section and specifies which terminal it applies to. Multiple TERM statements can be used to create a section which applies for several terminal types.
COLOR yes|all|no|none|tty: (Slackware only; ignored by GNU dircolors(1).) Specifies that colorization should always be enabled (yes or all), never enabled (no or none), or enabled only if the output is a terminal (tty). The default is no.
EIGHTBIT yes|no: (Slackware only; ignored by GNU dircolors(1).) Specifies that eight-bit ISO 8859 characters should be enabled by default. For compatibility reasons, this can also be specified as 1 for yes or 0 for no. The default is no.
OPTIONS options: (Slackware only; ignored by GNU dircolors(1).) Adds command-line options to the default ls command line. The options can be any valid ls command-line options, and should include the leading minus sign. Note that dircolors does not verify the validity of these options.
NORMAL color-sequence: Specifies the color used for normal (nonfilename) text.
: Synonym: NORM.
FILE color-sequence: Specifies the color used for a regular file.
DIR color-sequence: Specifies the color used for directories.
LINK color-sequence: Specifies the color used for a symbolic link.
: Synonyms: LNK, SYMLINK.
ORPHAN color-sequence: Specifies the color used for an orphaned symbolic link (one which points to a nonexistent file). If this is unspecified, ls will use the LINK color instead.
MISSING color-sequence: Specifies the color used for a missing file (a nonexistent file which nevertheless has a symbolic link pointing to it). If this is unspecified, ls will use the FILE color instead.
FIFO color-sequence: Specifies the color used for a FIFO (named pipe).
: Synonym: PIPE.
SOCK color-sequence: Specifies the color used for a socket.
DOOR color-sequence: (Supported since fileutils 4.1) Specifies the color used for a door (Solaris 2.5 and later).
BLK color-sequence: Specifies the color used for a block device special file.
: Synonym: BLOCK.
CHR color-sequence: Specifies the color used for a character device special file.
: Synonym: CHAR.
EXEC color-sequence: Specifies the color used for a file with the executable attribute set.
SUID color-sequence: Specifies the color used for a file with the set-user-ID attribute set.
: Synonym: SETUID.
SGID color-sequence: Specifies the color used for a file with the set-group-ID attribute set.
: Synonym: SETGID.
STICKY color-sequence: Specifies the color used for a directory with the sticky attribute set.
STICKY_OTHER_WRITABLE color-sequence: Specifies the color used for an other-writable directory with the executable attribute set.
: Synonym: OWT.
OTHER_WRITABLE color-sequence: Specifies the color used for an other-writable directory without the executable attribute set.
: Synonym: OWR.
LEFTCODE color-sequence: Specifies the left code for non-ISO 6429 terminals (see below).
: Synonym: LEFT.
RIGHTCODE color-sequence: Specifies the right code for non-ISO 6429 terminals (see below).
: Synonym: RIGHT.
ENDCODE color-sequence: Specifies the end code for non-ISO 6429 terminals (see below).
: Synonym: END.
*extension color-sequence: Specifies the color used for any file that ends in extension.
.extension color-sequence: Same as *.extension. Specifies the color used for any file that ends in .extension. Note that the period is included in the extension, which makes it impossible to specify an extension not starting with a period, such as ~ for emacs backup files. This form should be considered obsolete.

ISO 6429 (ANSI) color sequences

Most color-capable ASCII terminals today use ISO 6429 (ANSI) color sequences, and many common terminals without color capability, including xterm and the widely used and cloned DEC VT100, will recognize ISO 6429 color codes and harmlessly eliminate them from the output or emulate them. ls uses ISO 6429 codes by default, assuming colorization is enabled.

ISO 6429 color sequences are composed of sequences of numbers separated by semicolons. The most common codes are:

0	to restore default color
1	for brighter colors
4	for underlined text
5	for flashing text
30	for black foreground
31	for red foreground
32	for green foreground
33	for yellow (or brown) foreground
34	for blue foreground
35	for purple foreground
36	for cyan foreground
37	for white (or gray) foreground
40	for black background
41	for red background
42	for green background
43	for yellow (or brown) background
44	for blue background
45	for purple background
46	for cyan background
47	for white (or gray) background

Not all commands will work on all systems or display devices.

ls uses the following defaults:

NORMAL	0	Normal (nonfilename) text
FILE	0	Regular file
DIR	32	Directory
LINK	36	Symbolic link
ORPHAN	undefined	Orphaned symbolic link
MISSING	undefined	Missing file
FIFO	31	Named pipe (FIFO)
SOCK	33	Socket
BLK	44;37	Block device
CHR	44;37	Character device
EXEC	35	Executable file

A few terminal programs do not recognize the default properly. If all text gets colorized after you do a directory listing, change the NORMAL and FILE codes to the numerical codes for your normal foreground and background colors.

Other terminal types (advanced configuration)

If you have a color-capable (or otherwise highlighting) terminal (or printer!) which uses a different set of codes, you can still generate a suitable setup. To do so, you will have to use the LEFTCODE, RIGHTCODE, and ENDCODE definitions.

When writing out a filename, ls generates the following output sequence: LEFTCODE typecode RIGHTCODE filename ENDCODE, where the typecode is the color sequence that depends on the type or name of file. If the ENDCODE is undefined, the sequence LEFTCODE NORMAL RIGHTCODE will be used instead. The purpose of the left- and rightcodes is merely to reduce the amount of typing necessary (and to hide ugly escape codes away from the user). If they are not appropriate for your terminal, you can eliminate them by specifying the respective keyword on a line by itself.

NOTE: If the ENDCODE is defined in the global section of the setup file, it cannot be undefined in a terminal-specific section of the file. This means any NORMAL definition will have no effect. A different ENDCODE can, however, be specified, which would have the same effect.

Escape sequences

To specify control- or blank characters in the color sequences or filename extensions, either C-style \-escaped notation or stty-style ha-notation can be used. The C-style notation includes the following characters:

\a	Bell (ASCII 7)
\b	Backspace (ASCII 8)
\e	Escape (ASCII 27)
\f	Form feed (ASCII 12)
\n	Newline (ASCII 10)
\r	Carriage Return (ASCII 13)
\t	Tab (ASCII 9)
\v	Vertical Tab (ASCII 11)
\?	Delete (ASCII 127)
\nnn	Any character (octal notation)
\xnnn	Any character (hexadecimal notation)
\_	Space
\\	Backslash (\)
\ha	Caret (ha)
\#	Hash mark (#)

Note that escapes are necessary to enter a space, backslash, caret, or any control character anywhere in the string, as well as a hash mark as the first character.

FILES

/etc/DIR_COLORS: System-wide configuration file.
~/.dir_colors: Per-user configuration file.

This page describes the dir_colors file format as used in the fileutils-4.1 package; other versions may differ slightly.

NOTES

The default LEFTCODE and RIGHTCODE definitions, which are used by ISO 6429 terminals are:

LEFTCODE	\e[
RIGHTCODE	m

The default ENDCODE is undefined.

COLOPHON

This page is part of release 5.10 of the Linux man-pages project. A description of the project, information about reporting bugs, and the latest version of this page, can be found at https://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/.